b'Maintaining a Catalog / Recording Headings and ReferencesList with instructions on the use of that subdivision. For example, at Industrial applications, whichis not a heading but only a subdivision, there is a general reference that reads: USE types ofscientific phenomena, chemicals, plants, and crops with the subdivision Industrial applications, e.g.Ultrasonic wavesIndustrial applications [to be added as needed].Some libraries also display general references in the public catalog. Rather than make a specific Seealso reference from the broader term to every narrower term, they adapt the general reference in theList to address it to the user of the catalog. At Flowers, for example, rather than a specific See alsoreference to Day lilies, Orchids, Peonies, Poppies, Roses, Tulips, and Violets, there would be ageneral reference See also types of flowers. The drawback of this procedure and the reason it isnot recommended is that the user who wants to see all the books on specific flower types wouldhave to think of every type of flower and look in dozens of places in the catalog. Many onlinecatalogs are now able to provide the user with an expanded display of all the narrower terms underFlowers that have been used in the catalog.RECORDING HEADINGS AND REFERENCESThe cataloger should keep a record of all the subject headings used in the catalog and all thereferences made to and from them. This local authority file may be kept on cards or on a computer.Some catalogers are tempted to forgo this process and merely consult the catalog whenever there isa question of previous practice. Without a local authority file, however, there can be no consistencyin the cataloging. It is not possible to consult the catalog at the heading TeachersEthics, forexample, and find what See also references were made to that term from any broader or relatedterms or what See references were made from unpreferred terms. Since TeachersEthics is not inthe Sears List but was added as needed, consulting the List is not the answer. When a book appearson the ethics of psychologists, the cataloger will create PsychologistsEthics, but withoutknowing what references were made to the heading TeachersEthics, there is no way thecataloger can create similar and consistent references for the new term. Likewise, if there is onlyone book entered under TeachersEthics, and if that book is lost or discarded, without a localauthority file there would be no way of knowing what to delete in order to avoid blind references.Many libraries today do little original cataloging but instead get their cataloging records fromoutside sources, either from computerized cooperative cataloging utilities or from vendors, often thesame companies that sell them their books and other library materials. This procurement ofcataloging from outside sources can save libraries a great deal of money, but it does not mean thatthere is no work for the cataloger in the library. Someone must order the cataloging, specifying tothe vendor the particular needs of the library. If a library is devoted largely or entirely to childrensmaterials, for example, a librarian will need to specify that the library does not want the subdivisionJuvenile literature on every subject heading. A library using Sears subject headings will need toapprise the vendor of that fact. When the cataloging records arrive in the library, only a catalogercan check them to be sure they are what was ordered. And lastly, only a cataloger can make theappropriate references in the local catalog, tailored to that librarys particular collection, which makethe records useful to the users.A-48'